Navya.

Solar water pumping system is technology in which water available at lower altitude (such as underground, under tank, rivers, lake and ponds) are transported to higher altitude at required location where it is purified and used for domestic purposes or irrigation. This system has been found to be proposed best solution for the present energy crisis. For farmers, it is the easiest way to produce energy, especially for those living off the electricity grids with poor infrastructure around. In the current scenario, people are facing shortage of water for both domestic and irrigation purpose. Nepal being agricultural based country, many lands are left uncultivated due to water scarcity at the required location. The problem can be solved with employing the solar water pumping technology which enhances the economic development and employment opportunities.

Solar water pumping system comprises of Solar panel or module, solar pump, support structure and tracking mechanism, foundations, plumbing, earthing kit, junction box, battery, inverters, controlling system and electrical interconnection. Pumps are powered by electricity obtained from solar power panel and this electrical energy is converted into kinetic energy providing sufficient pressure. Water is lifted due to centrifugal action of force.

There are two types of solar water pumping system viz. Battery coupled system and Direct coupled system. In battery coupled system, the electrical energy is stored in battery that can be used whenever required. While in direct coupled system, battery is not used. Water is directly pumped whenever there is availability of solar radiation. The latter is found to be more suitable as the expensive part battery is not used, making the system economic in rural areas. Moreover, storing water is much easier than power.

Merits

The solar water pumping system has been used all over the world. Recently, IoT (Internet of Things) based SPIS (Solar Power Irrigation System) model are employed by some developed countries. In this model of water pumping, wireless tracking sensors, flow meter and camera technology are used to get daily pump usage and weather reports. The motor speed, voltage and current range of circuit can be controlled. Also real time performance can be optimized through this system. However, it requires intensive education and training. The system becomes more complicated and expensive

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